一、课程表项目经验总结
1. 项目背景与需求
课程表项目旨在开发一个能够展示学生课程安排的应用。用户能够通过该应用查看每一学期的课程，进行添加、删除、编辑课程的操作。
在这个项目中，我首先学习了如何使用SwiftUI来构建UI，并通过ObservableObject和@Published来进行数据绑定。课程表的需求是具有编辑功能，同时能够根据学期进行筛选。
2. 开发过程中的挑战
• UI布局的实现
“在SwiftUI中，UI布局通过声明式语法完成。对于课程表应用，我使用了VStack、HStack和List来布局视图。VStack垂直排列课程信息，HStack在课程信息中显示课程名称、上课时间等，List用来显示不同的课程。”
“这种布局方式虽然非常简洁，但在调整UI时，我发现需要注意不同设备间的适配问题。最终，我通过GeometryReader来解决布局自适应的问题，确保界面能够根据屏幕尺寸动态调整。”
• 数据模型的设计
“为了存储课程信息，我定义了一个名为Course的struct，并为每个课程设置了name、time、teacher等属性。在这个过程中，我学会了如何使用@Published修饰符来将数据模型与视图进行绑定，确保数据更新后UI能够自动刷新。”
“例如，在添加课程时，通过调用addCourse方法向课程列表中添加新的课程后，界面会自动更新，展示最新的课程信息。”
• 持久化存储
“在处理课程数据的持久化存储时，最初我使用了UserDefaults，但很快我发现它无法满足复杂数据结构的需求。于是，我转向了Core Data，通过定义CourseEntity实体，将课程数据持久化存储到本地数据库中。”
“这让我更深入地了解了如何使用Core Data进行实体和属性的定义，如何进行增、删、改、查等基本操作。”
3. 经验与收获
• SwiftUI的声明式UI设计
“SwiftUI的声明式UI设计大大简化了UI的构建过程。在项目中，借助VStack、HStack和List等容器，我能够高效地完成布局，并能够灵活调整组件位置。在项目的开发中，使用GeometryReader和Spacer使得布局适配不同屏幕尺寸变得更加简单。”
• 数据模型与视图绑定
“通过ObservableObject和@Published，我能够确保数据模型与视图之间的双向绑定。当数据发生变化时，界面会自动更新，极大提升了用户体验。”
• 调试与性能优化
“在调试过程中，我逐步熟练使用了Xcode的调试工具，如View Debugger、断点和日志工具，来追踪UI渲染和数据更新过程中的问题。同时，通过减少不必要的UI更新，我优化了应用的性能，确保了流畅的用户体验。”
二、音频播放器项目经验总结
1. 项目背景与需求
音频播放器项目的目标是实现一个基本的音乐播放器功能，支持播放、暂停、切换歌曲、调整音量等操作，并具备歌曲列表的展示功能。通过这个项目，我掌握了音频处理、后台播放及UI交互的开发技巧。
2. 开发过程中的挑战
• 音频播放的实现
“在实现音频播放功能时，我使用了AVFoundation框架。通过AVPlayer对象，我能够实现音频的播放、暂停、停止等基本控制。使用AVPlayerItem对象获取音频的状态和进度，并在UI中实时显示播放进度。”
“例如，通过AVPlayer的timeControlStatus属性，我能够检测音频的播放状态，并相应地更新UI上的播放按钮。”
• UI的交互设计
“音频播放器的UI设计非常简单，主要由播放/暂停按钮、音量调节、进度条等组成。通过SwiftUI的Slider控件，我实现了音量和进度条的控制，并使用Button来实现播放控制功能。”
“进度条的更新是通过定时器实现的，我使用了Timer.publish来定期更新进度条的值，并通过绑定机制将音频的播放时间与UI进行实时同步。”
• 歌曲列表的管理
“音频播放器需要管理多首歌曲，通过UITableView来展示歌曲列表，并通过AVPlayer播放选中的歌曲。”
“为了从网络获取歌曲数据，我使用了URLSession进行网络请求，获取音频文件的URL，并通过AVPlayer加载并播放音频文件。”
3. 经验与收获
• AVFoundation框架的使用
“AVFoundation框架为音频播放提供了强大的支持。在项目中，我通过AVPlayer来控制音频的播放状态，并利用AVPlayerItem来获取音频的播放进度。通过这个框架，我学会了如何实现音频的缓存、加载和播放控制。”
• UI设计与交互
“在UI设计中，SwiftUI提供了丰富的组件来处理用户输入。通过Button、Slider和Text等控件，我能够实现用户与应用的交互。进度条的实现让我深入了解了SwiftUI的绑定机制，并能够实时更新UI。”
• 多线程与后台处理
“音频播放需要避免阻塞主线程，因此我学习了如何使用GCD（Grand Central Dispatch）来在后台执行音频播放任务。此外，我还学习了如何让应用在后台继续播放音频，确保用户切换到其他应用时不会中断播放。”
English Version
1. Course Schedule Project Experience Summary
1. Project Background and Requirements
The course schedule project aims to develop an application that displays a student’s course schedule. Users can view their courses for each semester, add, edit, and delete courses.
In this project, I first learned how to use SwiftUI to construct the UI and bind data using ObservableObject and @Published. The application should also have editing functions and allow filtering by semester.
2. Challenges During Development
• UI Layout Implementation
“In SwiftUI, UI layouts are created using a declarative syntax. For the course schedule app, I used VStack, HStack, and List to arrange the views. VStack vertically arranges course information, HStack displays course names, times, and other details, and List is used to display different courses.”
“This layout approach, although simple, requires careful attention to device adaptation. Eventually, I used GeometryReader to address layout responsiveness and ensure the interface adjusts dynamically based on screen size.”
• Data Model Design
“To store course information, I defined a Course struct with attributes such as name, time, and teacher. During this process, I learned how to bind the data model to the UI using @Published to ensure the UI automatically updates when data changes.”
“For example, when adding a course using the addCourse method, the list automatically updates to display the latest course information.”
• Persistent Storage
“For storing course data persistently, I initially used UserDefaults, but soon realized it wasn’t suitable for complex data structures. I then turned to Core Data, defining a CourseEntity entity to persist course data in a local database.”
“This helped me gain deeper knowledge of how to use Core Data for entity and attribute definitions and basic operations like create, delete, update, and query.”
3. Experience and Takeaways
• Declarative UI Design with SwiftUI
“SwiftUI’s declarative UI design significantly simplified the UI creation process. Using containers like VStack, HStack, and List, I could efficiently build layouts and adjust components flexibly. In the course schedule project, using GeometryReader and Spacer made layout adaptation to different screen sizes much easier.”
• Data Model and View Binding
“By using ObservableObject and @Published, I ensured that the data model and the view were bound together, allowing for automatic UI updates when the data changes, greatly improving user experience.”
• Debugging and Performance Optimization
“Throughout the debugging process, I became proficient with Xcode’s debugging tools, such as the View Debugger, breakpoints, and logging tools, to track issues in UI rendering and data updates. I also optimized app performance by reducing unnecessary UI updates to ensure a smooth user experience.”
2. Audio Player Project Experience Summary
1. Project Background and Requirements
The audio player project aimed to develop a basic music player that supports play, pause, skip, volume adjustment, and song list display. Through this project, I mastered audio handling, background playback, and UI interaction development skills.
2. Challenges During Development
• Audio Playback Implementation
“For audio playback, I used the AVFoundation framework. Using the AVPlayer object, I was able to control playback, pause, and stop. The AVPlayerItem object helped me track the audio’s status and progress, which I updated in real-time in the UI.”
“For example, I used the timeControlStatus property of AVPlayer to monitor the playback state and update the play button accordingly in the UI.”
• UI Interaction Design
“The audio player’s UI design is simple, consisting mainly of play/pause buttons, volume controls, and a progress bar. I used Slider in SwiftUI to implement volume control and progress bar updates, and a Button for controlling playback.”
“The progress bar was updated using a timer. I used Timer.publish to periodically update the progress bar and synchronize the playback time with the UI using binding.”
• Managing the Song List
“The audio player needed to manage multiple songs. I used UITableView to display the song list and AVPlayer to play the selected song.”
“To fetch songs from the network, I used URLSession to make network requests, retrieve audio file URLs, and load and play the audio using AVPlayer.”
3. Experience and Takeaways
• Using the AVFoundation Framework
“AVFoundation provided robust support for audio playback. In this project, I used AVPlayer to control playback and AVPlayerItem to get the playback progress. I learned how to manage audio buffering, loading, and playback control through this framework.”
• UI Design and Interaction
“In UI design, SwiftUI offered many components for handling user input. Using Button, Slider, and Text, I could implement user interactions. The progress bar implementation deepened my understanding of SwiftUI’s binding mechanism and enabled real-time UI updates.”
• Multithreading and Background Handling
“Audio playback requires avoiding blocking the main thread, so I learned how to use GCD (Grand Central Dispatch) to perform audio tasks in the background. Additionally, I learned how to keep audio playing in the background even when the app is not in the foreground.”